Antiviral studies (herpes, influenza, HPV...)
Conclusion: Humic acids work in the treatment of viral diseases.
Title: Medical aspects and applications of humic substances.
Document Type: Web Page
Conclusion: Research indicates that humic acids work both prophylactically and therapeutically in the treatment of viral diseases.
Link: Medical Aspects and Applications of Humic Substances
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Conclusion: Humic acid and chemically similar polymers possess antiviral properties.
Title: Anti-HSV-1 activity of synthetic humic acid-like polymers derived from p-diphenolic starting compounds.
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: The results of this study identify consistent antiviral properties of natural humic acid (HA) and synthetic HA-like polymers derived from o- and p-diphenol, suggesting a common fundamental principle of the underlying chemical structure.
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Conclusion: The addition of fulvic acid to water sources reduces the viral load in the water.
Title: Influence of humic substances on bacterial and viral dynamics in freshwater.
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: These results are consistent with our findings in the laboratory, where virus counts were significantly lower in treatments with fulvic acid additions than in a control (mean, 67.4% +/- 6.5% of control). Virus counts did not differ significantly between control and glucose treatments, indicating that it was the type of organic carbon and not the amount that had an impact on viruses. The results of this study suggest that the way viruses control bacterial assemblages in humic lakes is different from the mechanism in clearwater systems.
Link: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15294823/
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Conclusion: Humic acid prevents the influenza virus from multiplying.
Title: In vitro anti-influenza virus activity of synthetic humate analogues derived from protocatechuic acid.
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: Two humic-like substances, oxidative polymer of protocatechuic acid (OP-PCA) and humic acid, inhibit in vitro replication of influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells at concentrations without cytotoxicity. OP-PCA inhibits virus-induced hemagglutination and low pH-induced cell-cell fusion. Humic acid inhibits the endonuclease activity of viral RNA polymerase.
Link: https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11890523
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Conclusion: Fulvic acid inactivates many strains of influenza virus.
Title: Genetically Diversity-Independent Neutralization of Pandemic Viruses (e.g. HIV), Potentially Pandemic Viruses (e.g. H5N1 Influenza Strain) and Carcinogens (e.g. HBV and HCV) and Potential Bioterrorism Agents (Variola) by Compounds enveloped virus neutralizing antibodies (EVNC).
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: Recently, both fulvic acid and pomegranate juice have been shown to inactivate genetically diverse strains of influenza, including H5N1, further confirming the broad-spectrum nature of these agents.
Link: https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.1016/j.vaccine.2007.12.008
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Conclusion: Humic acid is an effective antiviral agent.
Title: “Medical aspects and applications of humic substances” regarding the antiviral activity of humic substances.
Document Type: Web Page
Bottom Line: Humic acid is first and foremost a preventative, because it interferes with a virus's ability to attach to a host cell, penetrate the host cell, and reproduce. Scientific studies have shown that if a host cell is penetrated prior to the introduction of humic acid, the viral reproductive process within the host cell is not stopped. HOWEVER, if one has potentially infected cells (i.e. those with chronic viral infections) and humic acid is present, once the host cell releases the new viruses into the bloodstream, humic acid helps prevent the new generations of viruses from attaching to the cell wall, by sequestering the DNA or RNA and reproducing, effectively reducing the body's viral load over time, and thus its therapeutic function for active viral infections.
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Conclusion: Humic acids show antiviral activity against Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1.
Title: Interaction of humic acids and humic acid-like polymers with herpes simplex virus type 1
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: This finding speaks in favor of the formation of antivirally active structures during oxidative polymerization of phenolic compounds and, indirectly, of the corresponding structural parts in different HA-type substances.
Link: https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.1007/BFb0010491
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Conclusion: Fulvic acid compositions administered orally or topically may help treat inflammation, microbial infections, acne, and eczema.
Title: Fulvic acid and its use in the treatment of viral infections.
Document Type: Patent
Conclusion: A pharmaceutical composition comprising fulvic acid, salt, ester or derivative thereof as an active agent is disclosed. The composition is preferably administered orally or topically to treat a condition in a human or animal. The condition may be, for example, example, inflammation, acne, eczema, or bacterial, fungal, or viral infections.
Link: https://patents.google.com/patent/EP1698333A1/en
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Conclusion: Fulvic acid may be useful for the treatment or prevention of allergic diseases.
Title: Inhibitory effect of fulvic acid extracted from Canadian sphagnum peat on the release of chemical mediators by RBL-2H3 and KU812 cells
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: The results show that CP-FA may be useful for the treatment or prevention of allergic diseases.
Link: https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/bbb/advpub/0/advpub_60702/_article/-char/ja/
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Conclusion: Humic acid has activity against influenza virus.
Title: In vitro anti-influenza virus activity of synthetic humate analogues derived from protocatechuic acid.
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: Two humic-like substances, oxidative polymer of protocatechuic acid (OP-PCA) and humic acid, inhibit in vitro replication of influenza A/WSN/33 (H1N1) virus in Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells at concentrations without cytotoxicity. Despite the structural similarity of these two compounds, they exhibit different antiinfluenza actions. OP-PCA inhibits virus-induced hemagglutination and low pH-induced cell-cell fusion. Humic acid inhibits the endonuclease activity of viral RNA polymerase.
Link: https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11890523
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Conclusion: Humic acids have antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus type 1.
Title: Interaction of humic acids and humic acid-like polymers with herpes simplex virus type 1
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: Humic acid (HA)-like polymers, i.e. the oxidation products of caffeic acid (KOP), hydrocaffeic acid (HYKOP), chlorogenic acid (CHOP), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (3,4-DHPOP), nordihydroguaretic acid (NOROP), gentisinic acid (GENOP), pyrogallol (PYROP) and gallic acid (GALOP), generally inhibit virus multiplication, albeit with different potency and selectivity. Of the substances tested, GENOP, KOP, 3,4-DHPOP and HYKOP with MEC values in the range of 2 to 10 ug/ml proved to be the most potent inhibitors of HSV-1. Despite its lower antiviral potency (MEC 40 ug/ml), CHOP has remarkable selectivity due to the high concentration of this polymer that is tolerated by host cells (>640 ug/ml). The antiviral activity of synthetic compounds was generally limited to polymers and was not manifested in low molecular weight basic compounds.
Link: https://www.serravit.com.tr/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/Interaction-of-humic-acids-and-humic-acid-like-polymers-with-herpes-simplex-virus-type-1.pdf
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Conclusion: A synthetic compound similar to humic acid can prevent HIV infection.
Title: Inhibition of HIV-1 in cell cultures by synthetic humate analogues derived from hydroquinone: mechanism of inhibition
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: The data suggest that the synthetic analogue of humic acid inhibits HIV particle infectivity by interfering with a V3 loop-mediated viral entry step.
Link: 5 3B7C&originRegion=us-east-1&originCreation=20220803175612
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Conclusion: Shilajit has antiviral activity against several viruses including herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2.
Title: In vitro evaluation of the antiviral properties of Shilajit and investigation of its mechanisms of action.
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: Shilajit exhibited dose-dependent inhibitory activity against HSV1, HSV2, HCMV and RSV infectivity in vitro (EC50 values: 31.08 μg/ml, 12.85 μg/ml, 34.54 μg/ml and 30.35 μg/ml, respectively), but was inactive against HRV and VSV. Humic acid, a component of Shilajit, showed the same spectrum of activity. Partial virus inactivation and interference with virus binding were found to contribute to the antiviral activity of Shilajit. The results of the present study demonstrate that Shilajit is endowed with broad but specific antiviral activity in vitro and constitutes a natural source of antiviral substances.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0378874115001634?via%3Dihub
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Conclusion: Humic acid can inhibit the activity of hepatitis B virus in liver cells.
Title: Humic acid inhibits HBV-induced autophagosome formation and induces apoptosis in HBV-transfected Hep G2 cells
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: Humic acid (HA) induced apoptosis and inhibited hepatitis B virus (HBV)-induced autophagosome formation and proliferation in hepatoma cells.
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5052648/
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Conclusion: Fulvic acid has activity against influenza virus.
Title: In vitro analysis of the activity against influenza virus of pomegranate products and fulvic acid
Document Type: Master's Thesis
Conclusion: Our finding demonstrates rapid activity against influenza virus in pomegranate PP and fulvic acid.
Link: https://trace.tennessee.edu/utk_gradthes/527/
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Conclusion: Humic acid-like polymers have activity against herpes simplex virus type 1.
Title: Anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 activity of humic acid-like polymers and their O-diphenolic parent compounds
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: Functional group analysis revealed that the presence of carboxylic groups in the initial polymeric compounds similar to humic acids enhanced the antiviral activity and reduced the cytotoxicity of the polymers.
Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/095632029700800310
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Conclusion: Multi-herbal compositions containing Shilajit have antiviral and immune-boosting properties.
Title: Polyherbal compositions and methods for treating viral infections.
Document Type: Patent
Conclusion: The present invention relates to pharmaceutical, veterinary or nutritional compositions of polyherbal extracts useful as antiviral or immune supporting agents. In particular, the present invention of polyherbal composition comprises extracts of Withania somnifera, Mangifera indica and purified Shilajit. This cost effective immune supporting agent is ideal for use during the maintenance phase of treatment, after an initial phase of viral load reduction where it is used as an adjuvant to conventional antiviral drug therapy. The antiviral and immune supporting composition of this invention may perhaps be the sole basis of treatment when affordability is an issue. Furthermore, this composition is used for treatment, prevention or management of immune supporting system in needy primates, especially humans.
Link: https://patents.google.com/patent/US7250181B2/en
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Conclusion: Humic substances possess antiviral activity against HIV and Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1.
Title: Antiviral activity of basidiomycetes extracts and humic compounds against Human Immunodeficiency Virus (Retroviridae: Orthoretrovirinae: Lentivirus: Human immunodeficiency virus 1) and Herpes Simplex Virus (Herpesviridae: Simplexvirus: Human alphaherpesvirus 1)
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: Basidiomycetes and humic compounds (HS) extracts were shown to have antiviral activity against HIV-1 and HSV-1. The EC50 (50% effective concentration) for HIV-1 was 3.7-5.0 mcg/ml, selectivity index 28-35. Antiherpetic activity was detected at a dose of 50-100 mcg/ml. The presence of antiviral activity of melanin and HS in relation to RNA-containing HIV-1 virus and DNA-containing HSV-1 virus in our study is in agreement with the results of several authors in relation to influenza viruses, herpes virus, HIV, hepatitis B virus, Coxsackie virus, smallpox vaccinia virus, suggesting that the type of nucleic acid of the virus does not play a pivotal role in the antiviral action of these drugs. It is also clear that HS is effective against both enveloped and non-enveloped viruses.
Link: https://virusjour.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/437?locale=en_US
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Conclusion: Fulvic acids may have antiviral properties against herpes, hepatitis, and HIV.
Title: Fulvic acids and viral infections
Document type: Conference proceedings
Conclusion: This article presents the associated effect of fulvic acid ingestion by rats and mice, substantially increasing their production of immunoglobulins T (total) and G (IgT, IgG), which explains the empirical and preliminary results, but no less spectacular than those obtained by tests to prevent epidemic viral infections in cattle and poultry, and as an effective agent in the treatment of human viral infections such as herpes zoster, hepatitis and HIV. In conclusion, these scarce and partial results suggest the need to initiate a comprehensive and fairly reliable medical protocol, not currently available.
Link: https://benthamopen.com/ABSTRACT/TOPROCJ-3-2-24
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Conclusion: Humic acids have antibacterial and antiviral properties.
Title: Humic substances: compounds of still unknown structure: applications in agriculture, industry, environment and biomedicine
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: The antibacterial and antiviral properties of humic substances represent new possibilities for their medical application. Of great interest is that hospital studies show that difficult viral respiratory diseases, common in children, are easily resolved with dietary supplementation of fulvic acid.
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Conclusion: Iodine-V, which contains fulvic acid, may help reduce the transmission of the virus that causes COVID-19.
Title: Effectiveness of “essential iodine drops” against severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: This study evaluated the virucidal activity of aqueous solution of iodine-V (a clathrate complex formed by elemental iodine and fulvic acid) as in essential iodine drops (EID) containing 200 μg elemental iodine/mL against SARS-CoV-2 to determine whether it is a better alternative to PVP-I. The substantial reductions in LRV by iodine-V in EID confirmed the activity of EID against SARS-CoV-2 in vitro, demonstrating that iodine-V in EID is effective in inactivating the virus in vitro and therefore suggesting its potential application via the intranasal route to reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission from known or suspected COVID-19 patients.
Link: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0254341
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Conclusion: Humic acids inhibit the multiplication of HIV viruses.
Title: Selective inhibitory activity of polyhydroxycarboxylates derived from phenolic compounds against human immunodeficiency virus replication
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: In conclusion, polyhydroxycarboxylates derived from phenolic compounds (PDP compounds) can be regarded as a new type of polyhydroxycarboxylates that are effective in inhibiting the replication of HIV-1 and HIV-2. Note that the PDP compounds that showed antiviral activity in this study included those derived from gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, hydrocaffeic acid, etc., all of which are humic acids.
Link: https://journals.lww.com/jaids/abstract/1991/07000/selective_inhibitory_activity_of.5.aspx
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Conclusion: Humic acids inhibit the multiplication of herpes simplex virus and cytomegalovirus.
Title: Poly(hydroxy)carboxylates as selective inhibitors of cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus replication
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: In conclusion, poly(hydroxy)carboxylates with sufficiently high molecular weight and number of carboxylic groups are effective in inhibiting cytomegalovirus (CMV) infectivity. They block the first step in the virus replicative cycle, i.e., adsorption of the virus to cells, probably by interacting with positively charged domains of the viral envelope glycoproteins that are necessary for attachment of virus particles to the cell surface. Note that the poly(hydroxy)carboxylates that showed antiviral activity in this study included derivatives of gallic acid, protocatechuic acid, caffeic acid, hydrocaffeic acid, etc., all of which are humic acids.
Link: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/095632029200300404
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Conclusion: Humate shows antiviral activity against Coxsackievirus.
Title: Antiviral properties of humic acids.
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: Ammonium humate alone was not cytotoxic but had marked antiviral activity (against Coxsackievirus A9). At 3 days, 224 ug/ml resulted in 75% inhibition of virus-induced cytopathic effects, but to achieve the same level of inhibition at 6 days, 562 ug/ml was required; the dose-response relationship was linear. Regarding the effect on virus production, there was again a linear dose-response relationship. With 100 ug/ml ammonium humate, virus production was approximately 100-fold lower than in untreated infected control cultures.
Link: https://sci-hub.hkvisa.net/10.1007/bf01931906
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Conclusion: Humic acids show antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity, among others.
Title: Humic acids: structural properties and multiple functionalities for new technological developments
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: The diverse functions of HA are mainly attributable to the phenol and carboxylic acid functional groups, which allow the deprotonation of OH/OOH. This situation provides HA with many capabilities, such as enhancing plant growth and nutrition, complexation with heavy metals, and antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity.
Link: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0928493115306123#bb0140
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Conclusion: Humic acid prevents the multiplication of the hepatitis C virus.
Title: Inhibition of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 2a RNA replication by herbal extracts with anticholesterol effects.
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: Humic acid, quercetin and Cec-3 significantly inhibited hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA replication. In particular, fulvic acid completely inhibited HCV RNA replication.
Link: https://academicjournals.org/journal/JMPR/article-full-text-pdf/4E72CAC20739
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Conclusion: Humic acids possess anti-herpes simplex virus type 1 activity.
Title: Anti-HSV-1 activity of synthetic humic acid-like polymers derived from p-diphenolic starting compounds
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: The results of the present study identify consistent antiviral properties of natural HA and synthetic HA-like polymers derived from o- and p-diphenol, suggesting a common fundamental principle of the underlying chemical structure.
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12495212
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Conclusion: Fulvic acid could be used to topically treat oral diseases involving bacterial biofilms.
Title: Investigation of the biological properties of carbohydrate-derived fulvic acid (CHD-FA) as a potential new therapy for the treatment of oral biofilm infections
Document Type: Peer-Reviewed Journal Article
Conclusion: CHD-FA was shown to possess broad-spectrum antibacterial activity, with the complementary function of being able to downregulate inflammation. These properties offer an attractive spectrum of functions for a naturally occurring compound, which could be used as an alternative topical treatment strategy for oral biofilm diseases.
Link: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3849008/
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Conclusion: Humic acid could be used to topically cure the rash caused by a herpes infection.
Title: Pharmaceutical composition for the treatment of rash caused by herpes virus.
Document Type: Patent
Conclusion: Pharmaceutical compositions containing finely divided sulfur in one of the conventional pharmaceutical bases, such as cream, ointment, solution or powder, are used for transdermal therapy of epidemic viral exanthema. In order to increase the efficacy, the invention proposes to add to the pharmaceutical compositions containing colloidal sulfur additionally potassium or sodium sulfide as well as humic acid or corresponding proportions of mud or mud extract. The transdermal use of this activated therapeutic agent according to the invention causes a considerable slowing of the reappearance of herpetic vesicles, in addition to a rapid healing.
Link: https://patents.google.com/patent/DE3830333C1/en?oq=DE3830333
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Conclusion: Synthetic humic acid could be used to reduce virus content in blood.
Title: Process for preparing synthetic soil extract materials and medicines based on them.
Document Type: Patent
Conclusion: This patent provides a method for producing a humic acid-like polymeric material that can reduce the amount of viruses in a blood product by contacting the blood product with an antiviral amount of the material. The resulting phenolic polymers exhibit physicochemical properties that closely resemble those of typical commercially available natural soil extracts (humic substances). The materials are active antiviral and antimicrobial agents, and are effective in antiviral amounts in blood product compositions, in methods for reducing or eliminating viruses in blood products, and in antiviral and antimicrobial compositions for treating or preventing human or animal viral or microbial diseases.
